马花花,刘日新,赵明辉,宋婷婷,崔鹏俊,王露潞,郑浩,曾亮

• 1:天津大学化工学院
• 2:金风绿能化工(兴安盟)有限公司

摘要(Abstract)：

近年来，碳捕集、利用与封存（carbon capture utilization and storage,CCUS）技术在减少CO_2排放方面取得了显著进展，但其高能耗和复杂的工艺流程限制了大规模推广应用。为提升能源利用效率，集成二氧化碳捕集与利用（integrated CO_2 capture and utilization,ICCU）技术逐渐成为研究的重点方向，该技术通过双功能材料（dual-functional materials,DFM）实现CO_2的捕集与原位转化，直接将捕集的CO_2高效转化为具有经济价值的化学品。与传统CCU技术相比，ICCU技术大幅简化了CO_2解吸、压缩和运输等步骤，具有广阔的应用潜力。围绕ICCU-甲烷化（ICCU-Methanation,ICCU-Met）技术，首先系统介绍了ICCU-Met过程并从热力学角度分析了该技术实现CO_2捕集与转化的可行性；随后重点探讨了应用于该过程的双功能材料，分析了其在CO_2捕集能力、催化活性、稳定性等方面的表现；并针对ICCU-Met技术面临的过程放大挑战，分析了实际工业烟气条件、反应器设计及技术经济性等方面的问题；最后总结了该技术的发展瓶颈，并提出了未来可能的研究方向。

关键词(KeyWords)： 集成二氧化碳捕集与利用;原位甲烷化;双功能材料;过程放大

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家重点研发计划项目（2023YFB4104000）;; 内蒙古自治区重大创新平台（基地）建设科技支撑项目~~

作者(Author): 马花花,刘日新,赵明辉,宋婷婷,崔鹏俊,王露潞,郑浩,曾亮

DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202501021

参考文献(References)：

• [1] MERTENS J, BREYER C, ARNING K, et al. Carbon capture and utilization:more than hiding CO2 for some time[J]. Joule, 2023, 7(3):442-449.
• [2]张九天,张璐.面向碳中和目标的碳捕集、利用与封存发展初步探讨[J].热力发电, 2021, 50(1):1-6.ZHANG Jiutian, ZHANG Lu. Preliminary discussion on development of carbon capture, utilization and storage for carbon neutralization[J]. Thermal Power Generation,2021, 50(1):1-6.
• [3] JIN B, WEI K, OUYANG T, et al. Chemical looping CO2capture and in-situ conversion:fundamentals, process configurations, bifunctional materials, and reaction mechanisms[J]. Applications in Energy and Combustion Science, 2023, 16:100218
• [4]胡登,王星博,陈新庆,等.二氧化碳捕集-转化一体化技术研究进展[J].科学通报, 2024, 69(8):1012-24.HU Deng, WANG Xingbo, CHEN Xinqing, et al.Research status and prospects on integrated carbon capture and conversion[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin,2024, 69(8):1012-1024.
• [5] ZHOU J, ZHANG W, DANG C, et al. Effect of porous structure on Ni-CaO bifunctional catalysts for the integrated CO2 capture and methanation process[J].Separation and Purification Technology, 2025, 359:130833.
• [6] SUN H, JIN X, LIU T, et al. Porous hollow Ni/CaO dual functional materials for integrated CO2 capture and methanation[J]. Carbon Capture Science&Technology,2024, 13:100259.
• [7]郭真良,卞晓律,杜宇搏,等.集成二氧化碳捕集与甲烷化转化研究进展[J].燃料化学学报, 2023, 51(3):293-303.GUO Zhenliang, BIAN Xiaolü, DU Yubo, et al. Recent advances in integrated carbon dioxide capture and methanation technology[J]. Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology, 2023, 51(3):293-303.
• [8] CHU J, LIANG C, XUE W, et al. Revealing the effect of synthetic method on integrated CO2 capture and conversion performance of Ni-Na2ZrO3 bifunctional materials[J]. Separation and Purification Technology,2024, 346:127534.
• [9] WANG Y, SUN S, ZHU Y, et al. Pivotal copper bimetallic oxide in hierarchical calcium magnesium materials for low-temperature carbon capture and utilization[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 499:156264.
• [10] GAO C, ZHU L, LV Z, et al. Unravelling the effect of H2O and O2 in flue gas on integrated carbon capture and dry reforming of methane[J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2024, 334:126114.
• [11] ZHU L, LV Z, HUANG X, et al. Development of dual-functional materials for integrated CO2 capture and utilization by dry reforming of CH4[J]. Fuel Processing Technology, 2023, 248:107838.
• [12]赵传文,黄浦,郭亚飞.二氧化碳捕集-加氢转化一体化技术研究进展与展望[J].洁净煤技术, 2024, 30(4):1-20.ZHAO Chuanwen, HUANG Pu, GUO Yafei. Advances and prospects of integrated carbon dioxide capture-hydrogenation conversion[J]. Clean Coal Technology, 2024, 30(4):1-20.
• [13] CHEN J, XU Y, LIAO P, et al. Recent progress in integrated CO2 capture and conversion process using dual function materials:a state-of-the-art review[J].Carbon Capture Science&Technology, 2022, 4:100052.
• [14] SUN S, SUN H, WILLIAMS P T, et al. Recent advances in integrated CO2 capture and utilization:a review[J].Sustainable Energy&Fuels, 2021, 5(18):4546-4559.
• [15]徐冬,孙楠楠,张九天,等.通过耦合碳捕集、利用与封存实现低碳制氢的潜力分析[J].热力发电, 2021,50(10):53-61.XU Dong, SUN Nannan, ZHANG Jiutian, et al. Potential analysis of carbon dioxide capture, utilization and storage equipped low carbon hydrogen production[J].Thermal Power Generation, 2021, 50(10):53-61.
• [16] SCHOLLENBERGER D, BAJOHR S, GRUBER M, et al. Scale-up of innovative honeycomb reactors for power-to-gas applications:the project store&go[J].Chemie Ingenieur Technik, 2018, 90(5):696-702.
• [17] SABRI M A, AL JITAN S, BAHAMON D, et al. Current and future perspectives on catalytic-based integrated carbon capture and utilization[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2021, 790:148081.
• [18] LU B, FAN Y, ZHI X, et al. Material design and prospect of dual-functional materials for integrated carbon dioxide capture and conversion[J]. Carbon Capture Science&Technology, 2024, 12:100207.
• [19] LV Z, CHEN S, HUANG X, et al. Recent progress and perspective on integrated CO2 capture and utilization[J].Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry,2023, 40:100771.
• [20] SHAO B, ZHANG Y, SUN Z, et al. CO2 capture and in-situ conversion:recent progresses and perspectives[J].Green Chemical Engineering, 2022, 3(3):189-198.
• [21] ZHANG Y, ZHAO S, LI L, et al. Integrated CO2 capture and utilization:a review of the synergistic effects of dual function materials[J]. Catalysis Science&Technology,2024, 14(4):790-819.
• [22]代金雨,罗聪,李小姗,等.钙循环热化学储能及其耦合CO2捕集技术研究进展[J].洁净煤技术, 2024,30(10):1-18.DAI Jinyu, LUO Cong, LI Xiaoshan, et al. Recent advances on calcium looping thermochemical energy storage and its coupling for CO2 capture[J]. Clean Coal Technology, 2024, 30(10):1-18.
• [23] MOIOLI E, GALLANDAT N, ZüTTEL A. Model based determination of the optimal reactor concept for sabatier reaction in small-scale applications over Ru/Al2O3[J].Chemical Engineering Journal, 2019, 375:121954.
• [24] ZENG L, CHENG Z, FAN J A, et al. Metal oxide redox chemistry for chemical looping processes[J]. Nature Reviews Chemistry, 2018, 2(11):349-364.
• [25] JIN B, WEI K, OUYANG T, et al. Chemical looping CO2capture and in-situ conversion:fundamentals, process configurations, bifunctional materials, and reaction mechanisms[J]. Applications in Energy and Combustion Science, 2023, 16:100218.
• [26] DZIVA G, WEITZEL J, CUI P, et al. Low-carbon,hydrogen-rich syngas from sorption-enhanced gasification:a review[J]. Carbon Capture Science&Technology, 2025, 14:100372.
• [27] SHI S, YU J, PAN Y, et al. Hydrogenation of calcium carbonate to carbon monoxide and methane[J]. Fuel,2023, 354:129385.
• [28] DUYAR M S, WANG S, ARELLANO-TREVI?O M A,et al. CO2 utilization with a novel dual function material(DFM)for capture and catalytic conversion to synthetic natural gas:an update[J]. Journal of CO2 Utilization,2016, 15:65-71.
• [29] CUI Y, HE S, YANG J, et al. Research progress of non-noble metal catalysts for carbon dioxide methanation[J]. Molecules 2024, 29(2):374
• [30]张晓俐,古芳娜,苏发兵,等. CO2甲烷化镍基催化剂研究进展[J].洁净煤技术, 2022, 28(4):1-17.ZHANG Xiaoli, GU Fangna, SU Fabing, et al. Research progress of nickel-based catalysts for carbon dioxide methanetion[J]. Clean Coal Technology, 2022, 28(4):1-17.
• [31] BERMEJO-LóPEZ A, PEREDA-AYO B,GONZáLEZ-MARCOS J A, et al. Ni loading effects on dual function materials for capture and in-situ conversion of CO2 to CH4 using CaO or Na2CO3[J]. Journal of CO2Utilization, 2019, 34:576-587.
• [32] WOO J H, JO S, KIM J E, et al. Effect of the Ni-to-CaO ratio on integrated CO2 capture and direct methanation[J]. Catalysts, 2023, 13(8):1174.
• [33] ZHOU Z, SUN N, WANG B, et al. 2D-Layered Ni-MgO-Al2O3 nanosheets for integrated capture and methanation of CO2[J]. ChemSusChem, 2020, 13(2):360-368.
• [34] SUN H, WANG Y, XU S, et al. Understanding the interaction between active sites and sorbents during the integrated carbon capture and utilization process[J]. Fuel,2021, 286:119308.
• [35] TSIOTSIAS A I, CHARISIOU N D, YENTEKAKIS I V,et al. Bimetallic Ni-based catalysts for CO2 methanation:a review[J]. 2021, 11(1):28.
• [36] MA X, LI X, CUI H, et al. Metal oxide-doped Ni/CaO dual-function materials for integrated CO capture and conversion:performance and mechanism[J]. AIChE Journal, 2023, 69(1):e17520.
• [37] JO S, WOO J H, NGUYEN T, et al. Zr-modified Ni/CaO dual function materials(DFMs)for direct methanation in an integrated CO2 capture and utilization process[J].Energy&Fuels, 2023, 37(24):19680-19694.
• [38] NOBAKHT A R, REZAEI M, ALAVI S M, et al.Synthesis and evaluation of the cobalt-promoted NiO/CaOd2Al2O3 catalysts in CO2 methanation reaction:effect of different promoters[J]. Journal of CO2Utilization, 2023, 75:102577.
• [39] XIANG S X, WANG J P, GAO S, et al. Mn-enhanced performance of the Ni-CaO/γ-Al2O3 dual function material for CO2 capture and in situ methanation[J].Separation and Purification Technology, 2025, 357:130152.
• [40] ZHANG Y, LI L, ZHAO S, et al. Effects of Ni loading and Ce doping on a CaO-based dual function material for integrated carbon capture and in situ methanation[J].Catalysis Science&Technology, 2024, 14(5):1255-1265.
• [41] SUN Z, SHAO B, ZHANG Y, et al. Integrated CO2capture and methanation from the intermediate-temperature flue gas on dual functional hybrids of AMS/CaMgO||Nix Coy[J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2023, 307:122680.
• [42] LV Z, RUAN J, TU W, et al. Integrated CO2 capture and in-situ methanation by efficient dual functional Li4SiO4@Ni/CeO2[J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2023, 309:123044.
• [43] HUANG P, GUO Y, WANG G, et al. Insights into nickel-based dual function materials for CO2 sorption and methanation:effect of reduction temperature[J].Energy&Fuels, 2021, 35(24):20185-20196.
• [44] LIU W, CAI Y, LUO M, et al. Potential application of alkaline metal nitrate-promoted magnesium-based materials in the integrated CO2 capture and methanation process[J]. Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research, 2022, 61(7):2882-2893.
• [45] LI L, ZHANG Y, WANG X, et al. Directional induction of hydrogen spillover enhancing H2O resistance of Ca-Ni-based dual-function materials for integrated CO2capture and in-situ methanation[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 505:159691.
• [46] LI L, WU Z, MIYAZAKI S, et al. Continuous CO2capture and methanation over Ni-Ca/Al2O3 dual functional materials[J]. RSC Advances, 2023, 13(4):2213-2219.
• [47] BERMEJO-LóPEZ A, PEREDA-AYO B, ONRUBIACALVO J A, et al. Boosting dual function material Ni-Na/Al2O3 in the CO2 adsorption and hydrogenation to CH4:joint presence of Na/Ca and Ru incorporation[J].Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2023,11(2):109401.
• [48] HUANG P, CHU J, ZHANG Z, et al. Optimizing alkali metal salt-induced structural assembly of Ni-MgO dual function materials for enhanced CO2 capture and methanation performance[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2024, 294:120120.
• [49] HUANG P, CHU J, FU J, et al. Influence of reduction conditions on the structure-activity relationships of NaNO3-promoted Ni/MgO dual function materials for integrated CO2 capture and methanation[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023, 467:143431.
• [50] LI L, ZHANG Y, FENG J, et al. Ni-Ca-Al Synergistic effect in dual-function materials for integrated CO2capture and conversion[J]. ACS Sustainable Chemistry&Engineering, 2024, 12(2):925-937.
• [51] DUYAR M S, TREVI?O M A A, FARRAUTO R J. Dual function materials for CO2 capture and conversion using renewable H2[J]. Applied Catalysis B:Environmental,2015, 168/169:370-376.
• [52] SUN S, SUN H, GUAN S, et al. Integrated CO2 capture and methanation on Ru/CeO2-MgO combined materials:morphology effect from CeO2 support[J]. Fuel, 2022,317:123420.
• [53] PORTA A, VISCONTI C G, CASTOLDI L, et al. Ru-Ba synergistic effect in dual functioning materials for cyclic CO2 capture and methanation[J]. Applied Catalysis B:Environmental, 2021, 283:119654.
• [54] PARK S J, BUKHOVKO M P, JONES C W. Integrated capture and conversion of CO2 into methane using NaNO3/MgO+Ru/Al2O3 as a catalytic sorbent[J].Chemical Engineering Journal, 2021, 420:130369.
• [55] CHEN L, LIU D, WEI G. Performance of Na-Ru/Al2O3dual function material for integrated CO2 capture and methanation with the presence of coal ashes[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2024, 299:117811.
• [56] JO S, SON H D, KIM T-Y, et al. Ru/K2CO3-MgO catalytic sorbent for integrated CO2 capture and methanation at low temperatures[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023, 469:143772.
• [57] BERMEJO-LóPEZ A, PEREDA-AYO B, ONRUBIACALVO J A, et al. Tuning basicity of dual function materials widens operation temperature window for efficient CO2 adsorption and hydrogenation to CH4[J].Journal of CO2 Utilization, 2022, 58:101922.
• [58] CIMINO S, BOCCIA F, LISI L. Effect of alkali promoters(Li, Na, K)on the performance of Ru/Al2O3catalysts for CO2 capture and hydrogenation to methane[J]. Journal of CO2 Utilization, 2020, 37:195-203.
• [59] CIMINO S, RUSSO R, LISI L. Insights into the cyclic CO2 capture and catalytic methanation over highly performing Li-Ru/Al2O3 dual function materials[J].Chemical Engineering Journal, 2022, 428:131275.
• [60] BERMEJO-LóPEZ A, PEREDA-AYO B, GONZáLEZMARCOS J A, et al. Mechanism of the CO2 storage and in situ hydrogenation to CH4. temperature and adsorbent loading effects over Ru-CaO/Al2O3 and Ru-Na2CO3/Al2O3 catalysts[J]. Applied Catalysis B:Environmental, 2019, 256:117845.
• [61] ZHENG Q, FARRAUTO R, CHAU NGUYEN A.Adsorption and methanation of flue gas CO2 with dual functional catalytic materials:a parametric study[J].Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research, 2016,55(24):6768-6776.
• [62] SUN H, ZHANG Y, GUAN S, et al. Direct and highly selective conversion of captured CO2 into methane through integrated carbon capture and utilization over dual functional materials[J]. Journal of CO2 Utilization,2020, 38:262-272.
• [63] HYAKUTAKE T, VAN BEEK W, URAKAWA A.Unravelling the nature, evolution and spatial gradients of active species and active sites in the catalyst bed of unpromoted and K/Ba-promoted Cu/Al2O3 during CO2capture-reduction[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2016, 4(18):6878-6885.
• [64] KARELOVIC A, RUIZ P. Mechanistic study of low temperature CO2 methanation over Rh/TiO2 catalysts[J].Journal of Catalysis, 2013, 301:141-153.
• [65] FENG J, ZHANG Y, LI L, et al. A novel NiCa-based dual-functional material with high absorption capacity and stability for integrated direct air CO2 capture and in-situ methanation[J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2025, 354. 128989
• [66] FAN L, CHEN L, LIU D, et al. Synthetic natural gas production via pressurized integrated carbon capture and in-situ methanation of Ni-Na2CO3/γ-Al2O3 dual function material[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2025,326:119510.
• [67] LU B, WU F, LI X, et al. Reconstruction of interface oxygen vacancy for boosting CO2 hydrogenation by Cu/CeO2 catalysts with thermal treatment[J]. Carbon Capture Science&Technology, 2024, 10:100173.
• [68] LI A, YAO D, YANG Y, et al. Active Cu0-Cuσ+sites for the hydrogenation of carbon-oxygen bonds over Cu/CeO2 catalysts[J]. ACS Catalysis, 2022, 12(2):1315-1325.
• [69] BERMEJO-LóPEZ A, PEREDA-AYO B, ONRUBIACALVO J A, et al. How the presence of O2 and NOx influences the alternate cycles of CO2 adsorption and hydrogenation to CH4 on Ru-Na-Ca/Al2O3 dual function material[J]. Journal of CO2 Utilization, 2023, 67:102343.
• [70] ARELLANO-TREVI?O M A, KANANI N, JEONGPOTTER C W, et al. Bimetallic catalysts for CO2 capture and hydrogenation at simulated flue gas conditions[J].Chemical Engineering Journal, 2019, 375:121953.
• [71] JEONG-POTTER C, ABDALLAH M, SANDERSON C,et al. Dual function materials(Ru+Na2O/Al2O3)for direct air capture of CO2 and in situ catalytic methanation:the impact of realistic ambient conditions[J]. Applied Catalysis B:Environment and Energy, 2022, 307:120990.
• [72] MARTINS J A, MARTINS V F D, MIGUEL C V, et al. A cyclic sorption-reaction process for continuous synthetic methane production from flue gas and green hydrogen[J].Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023, 476:146375.
• [73]JIN B, WANG R, FU D, et al. Chemical looping CO2capture and in-situ conversion as a promising platform for green and low-carbon industry transition:review and perspective[J]. Carbon Capture Science&Technology,2024, 10:100169.
• [74] RIDHA F N, MANOVIC V, MACCHI A, et al. The effect of SO2 on CO2 capture by CaO-based pellets prepared with a kaolin derived Al(OH)3 binder[J].Applied Energy, 2012, 92:415-420.
• [75] LEE S J, JUNG S Y, LEE S C, et al. SO2 Removal and regeneration of MgO-based sorbents promoted with titanium oxide[J]. Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research, 2009, 48(5):2691-2696.
• [76] CIMINO S, CEPOLLARO E M, LISI L. Sulfur tolerance and self-regeneration mechanism of Na-Ru/Al2O3 dual function material during the cyclic CO2 capture and catalytic methanation[J]. Applied Catalysis B:Environmental, 2022, 317:121705.
• [77] KUZMENKO D, NACHTEGAAL M, COPéRET C,et al. Molecular-level understanding of support effects on the regenerability of Ru-based catalysts in the sulfur-poisoned methanation reaction[J]. Journal of Catalysis, 2019, 375:74-80.
• [78] GAO Z, JIANG Y, SUN Z, et al. Integrations of desulfurization, carbon capture, and methanation at an isothermal intermediate temperature[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 479:147006.
• [79] OMODOLOR I S, OTOR H O, ANDONEGUI J A, et al.Dual-function materials for CO2 capture and conversion:a review[J]. Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research, 2020, 59(40):17612-17631.
• [80]张智鹤,温彦博,仉景鹏,等.燃煤电厂烟气CO2捕集-甲烷化利用工艺流程模拟研究[J].热力发电, 2021,50(1):87-93.ZHANG Zhihe, WEN Yanbo, ZHANG Jingpeng, et al.Simulation study on the process of carbon dioxide capture and methanation utilization of flue gas in coal-fired power plants[J]. Thermal Power Generation,2021, 50(1):87-93.
• [81] ABDALLAH M, LIN Y, FARRAUTO R. Laboratory aging of a dual function material(DFM)washcoated monolith for varying ambient direct air capture of CO2and in situ catalytic conversion to CH4[J]. Applied Catalysis B:Environmental, 2023, 339:123105.
• [82] MIGUEL C V, SORIA M A, MENDES A, et al. A sorptive reactor for CO2 capture and conversion to renewable methane[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2017, 322:590-602.
• [83] KOSAKA F, SASAYAMA T, LIU Y, et al. Direct and continuous conversion of flue gas CO2 into green fuels using dual function materials in a circulating fluidized bed system[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2022, 450:138055.
• [84] XIE Z, TAN Z, WANG K, et al. Which will be a promising route among integrated CO2 capture and conversion to valuable chemicals[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2025, 323:119269.
• [85] CHEN L Y, CHEN Y, WEI G, et al. Conceptual design and assessment of integrated capture and methanation of CO2 from flue gas using chemical-looping scheme of dual function materials[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2024, 299:117847.
• [86] SHIMIZU T, HIRAMA T, HOSODA H, et al. A twin fluid-bed reactor for removal of CO2 from combustion processes[J]. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 1999, 77(1):62-68.
• [87] RODRíGUEZ N, ALONSO M, ABANADES J C.Experimental investigation of a circulating fluidized-bed reactor to capture CO2 with CaO[J]. AIChE Journal,2011, 57(5):1356-1366.
• [88] ABANADES J C, ARIAS B, LYNGFELT A, et al.Emerging CO2 capture systems[J]. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 2015, 40:126-166.
• [89] FANTINI M, SPINELLI M, MAGLI F, et al. Calcium looping technology demonstration in industrial environment:the CLEANKER project and status of the CLEANKER pilot plant[J]. E3S Web of Conferences,2020, 197:08006.
• [90] SPINELLI M, FANTINI M, CONSONNI S.CLEANKER project overview[C]. 9th High Temperature Solid Looping Cycles Network(HTSLCN)Meeting,Piacenza, 2023.
• [91] CARLOS ABANADES J, CRIADO Y A, GARCíA R.Countercurrent moving bed carbonator for CO2 capture in decoupled calcium looping systems[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023, 461:141956.
• [92] CRIADO Y A, GARCíA R, CARLOS ABANADES J.Demonstration of CO2 capture with CaO and Ca(OH)2 in a countercurrent moving bed carbonator pilot[J].Chemical Engineering Journal, 2024, 494:152945.
• [93]王长清,谭煜幺,林明玮,等.钙循环捕集CO2小试和中试台架研究进展[J].洁净煤技术, 2024, 30(8):170-184.WANG Changqing, TAN Yuyao, Linmingwei, et al.Review of bench and pilot-scale testing for calcium looping capture of carbon dioxide[J]. Clean Coal Technology, 2024, 30(8):170-184.
• [94] LV Z, DU H, XU S, et al. Techno-economic analysis on CO2 mitigation by integrated carbon capture and methanation[J]. Applied Energy, 2024, 355:122242.
• [95] TREGAMBI C, BARESCHINO P, HANAK D P, et al.Modelling of an integrated process for atmospheric carbon dioxide capture and methanation[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2022, 356:131827.
• [96] TREGAMBI C, BARESCHINO P, HANAK D P, et al.Techno-economic assessment of a synthetic methane production process by hydrogenation of carbon dioxide from direct air capture[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2023, 48(96):37594-37606.
• [97] ZHANG D, LI H, WU Q, et al. Techno-economic analysis of hydrogen-driven calcium looping process for flue gas decarbonization[J]. Carbon Future, 2024, 1(4):9200023.