面向深度调峰和智能发电的炉膛温度场在线监测及预测综述Review of furnace temperature field online monitoring and prediction for deep peaking and smart power generation
方顺利,晋中华,杨云,李翔,任世鹏,马帅,姚斌,王浩帆,张中晖,梅晟东,刘凯,陈新建,娄春,邹莹
摘要(Abstract):
在火电机组参与深度调峰时,炉膛温度场的实时获取有助于电站锅炉控制和研究炉内燃烧过程,在智能发电的推进下,机器学习为实时获得炉膛温度场提供了重要手段。总结了声学法、吸收光谱层析成像法以及热辐射成像法这3种最常用的炉膛温度场在线监测技术的原理及应用,以及在锅炉炉膛测温应用中存在的优势及缺点。之后详细阐述了耦合机器学习与CFD的预测方法的原理,说明该方法在恶劣炉内环境中受到的影响较小,综述了该方法在燃烧火焰结构及参数和炉膛温度场的应用研究,表明了该方法应用于炉膛温度场的可行性,并可准确地预测获得炉膛温度场。最后对炉膛温度场在线监测技术和耦合机器学习与CFD的预测方法的未来发展趋势进行了分析,以便在电站智能化建设进程下,为实时快速获得更准确的炉膛温度场提供思路。
关键词(KeyWords): 电站锅炉;炉膛温度场;在线监测;机器学习;预测
基金项目(Foundation): 国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB4100703)~~
作者(Author): 方顺利,晋中华,杨云,李翔,任世鹏,马帅,姚斌,王浩帆,张中晖,梅晟东,刘凯,陈新建,娄春,邹莹
DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202408174
参考文献(References):
- [1]康重庆,杜尔顺,李姚旺,等.新型电力系统的“碳视角”:科学问题与研究框架[J].电网技术, 2022, 46(3):821-833.KANG Chongqing, DU Ershun, LI Yaowang, et al. Key scientific problems and research framework for carbon perspective research of new power systems[J]. Power System Technology, 2022, 46(3):821-833.
- [2]刘吉臻,李云鸷,宋子秋,等.灵活智能燃煤发电技术及评价体系[J].动力工程学报, 2022, 42(11):993-1004.LIU Jizhen, LI Yunzhi, SONG Ziqiu, et al. Flexible and intelligent coal-fired power generation technology and its evaluation system[J]. Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering, 2022, 42(11):993-1004.
- [3]刘辉,周科,解冰,等.基于火焰温度场在线测量的燃煤锅炉深度调峰试验[J].热力发电, 2019, 48(8):49-54.LIU Hui, ZHOU Ke, XIE Bing, et al. Experimental investigation on deep peak load regulation of coal-fired boiler based on on-line measurement of flame temperature field[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2019,48(8):49-54.
- [4]李强,高勇,朱建国,等.电厂智能化管控技术研究与应用[J].热力发电, 2019, 48(10):15-21.LI Qiang, GAO Yong, ZHU Jianguo, et al. Research and application of intelligent management and control technology in power plants[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2019, 48(10):15-21.
- [5]杨新民,曾卫东,肖勇.火电站智能化现状及展望[J].热力发电, 2019, 48(9):1-8.YANG Xinmin, ZENG Weidong, XIAO Yong. Present situation and prospect of thermal power plant intelligentization[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2019,48(9):1-8.
- [6]刘吉臻,王庆华,房方,等.数据驱动下的智能发电系统应用架构及关键技术[J].中国电机工程学报, 2019,39(12):3578-3587.LIU Jizhen, WANG Qinghua, FANG Fang, et al.Data-driven-based application architecture and technologies of smart power generation[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2019, 39(12):3578-3587.
- [7] ZHENG Z, LIN X, YANG M, et al. Progress in the application of machine learning in combustion studies[J].ES Energy&Environment, 2020, 9:1-14.
- [8]白继亮,李斌,朱琎琦,等.基于BP神经网络的CFB锅炉飞灰含碳量建模[J].洁净煤技术, 2020, 26(增刊1):212-217.BAI Jiliang, LI Bin, ZHU Jinqi, et al. Modeling of carbon content in fly ash of CFB boiler based on BP neural network[J]. Clean Coal Technology, 2020,26(Suppl.1):212-217.
- [9]李天宇,陈曦,钟文琪.基于CFD与POD的煤粉锅炉三维速度场快速预测[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2022, 52(4):641-649.LI Tianyu, CHEN Xi, ZHONG Wenqi. Rapid prediction of three-dimensional velocity field of pulverized coal boiler based on CFD and POD[J]. Journal of Southeast University(Natural Science Edition), 2022, 52(4):641-649.
- [10]唐振浩,张宝凯,曹生现,等.基于多模型智能组合算法的锅炉炉膛温度建模[J].化工学报, 2019, 70(增刊2):301-310.TANG Zhenhao, ZHANG Baokai, CAO Shengxian, et al.Furnace temperature modeling based on multi-model intelligent combination algorithm[J]. CIESC Journal,2019, 70(Suppl.2):301-310.
- [11]娄春,张鲁栋,蒲旸,等.基于自发辐射分析的被动式燃烧诊断技术研究进展[J].实验流体力学, 2021,35(1):1-17.LOU Chun, ZHANG Ludong, PU Yang, et al. Research advances in passive techniques for combustion diagnostics based on analysis of spontaneous emission radiation[J]. Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanic,2021, 35(1):1-17.
- [12]安连锁,王然,沈国清,等.声学法重建炉内三维温度场的算法概述[J].电站系统工程, 2014, 30(5):9-12.AN Liansuo, WANG Ran, SHEN Guoqing, et al.Overview of furnace three-dimensional temperature field reconstruction algorithms based on acoustic theory[J].Power System Engineering, 2014, 30(5):9-12.
- [13] ZHANG S, SHEN G, AN L, et al. Online monitoring of the two-dimensional temperature field in a boiler furnace based on acoustic computed tomography[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2015, 75:958-966.
- [14] LI Y, LIU S, INAKI S H. Dynamic reconstruction algorithm of three-dimensional temperature field measurement by acoustic tomography[J]. Sensors, 2017,17(9):2084-2101.
- [15]孔倩,姜根山,刘月超,等.声学法炉内温度场与速度场协同测量方法研究[J].仪器仪表学报, 2023, 44(4):249-258.KONG Qian, JIANG Genshan, LIU Yuechao, et al. Study on simultaneous measurement of temperature and velocity field in furnace based on acoustic tomography[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2023, 44(4):249-258.
- [16] KONG Q, JIANG G, LIU Y, et al. 3D high-quality temperature-field reconstruction method in furnace based on acoustic tomography[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2020, 179:115693.
- [17] HOLSTEIN P, RAABE A, MULLER R, et al. Acoustic tomography on the basis of travel-time measurement[J].Measurement Science Technology, 2004, 15(7):1420-1428.
- [18]胡主宽.锅炉炉膛温度场测量技术研究现状与发展趋势探讨[J].中国测试, 2015, 41(4):5-9.HU Zhukuan. Study status and development trend discussion of measuring technology of furnace temperature fields in plant boilers[J]. China Measurement&Test, 2015, 41(4):5-9.
- [19]娄春.工程燃烧诊断学[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2016:1.LOU Chun. Engineering combustion diagnostics[M].Beijing:China Electric Power Press, 2016:1.
- [20]李源,郭志成,孟晓超,等.基于可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱技术的炉内燃烧场参数在线监测系统设计[J].发电技术, 2022, 43(2):353-361.LI Yuan, GUO Zhicheng, MENG Xiaochao, et al. Design of an online monitoring system for combustion field parameter in a furnace based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy technology[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2022, 43(2):353-361.
- [21]王东风,刘千.面向燃烧优化的电站锅炉炉膛参数光谱测量与场重建[J].动力工程学报, 2014, 34(8):599-605.WANG Dongfeng, LIU Qian. Combustion optimizationoriented spectral measurement and field reconstruction of furnace parameters for power station boilers[J]. Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering, 2014, 34(8):599-605.
- [22]赖小明,陈昊,邹婷,等.燃煤电站锅炉炉膛温度的TDLAS测量研究[J].应用激光, 2021, 41(2):412-415.LAI Xiaoming, CHEN Hao, ZOU Ting, et al. Application of tunable diode laser absorption tomography to coal-fired power plant[J]. Applied Laser, 2021, 41(2):412-415.
- [23]崔青汝,刘淼,李雄威,等. TDLAS测量电站锅炉炉内温度与气体组分浓度的应用研究[J].中国电力, 2019,52(5):36-41.CUI Qingru, LIU Miao, LI Xiongwei, et al. Application of TDLAS to the measurement of temperature and concentration of gas components in a power station boiler furnace[J]. Electric Power, 2019, 52(5):36-41.
- [24]周怀春,娄新生,邓元凯.基于辐射图象处理的炉膛燃烧三维温度分布检测原理及分析[J].中国电机工程学报, 1997, 17(1):1-4.ZHOU Huaichun, LOU Xinsheng, DENG Yuankai.Detection principle and analysis of three-dimensional temperature distribution of furnace combustion based on radiation image processing[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,1997, 17(1):1-4.
- [25]闫慧博,唐广通,李路江,等.热辐射成像法测量大型炉膛内三维温度场的算法新进展[J].洁净煤技术,2022, 28(5):97-108.YAN Huibo, TANG Guangtong, LI Lujiang, et al. New progress of algorithm for three-dimensional temperature field in large scale furnace measured by thermal radiative imaging[J]. Clean Coal Technology, 2022, 28(5):97-108.
- [26]周怀春,李框宇,安元,等.燃煤电站锅炉及工业窑炉三维燃烧温度分布监测研究进展[J].洁净煤技术,2022, 28(10):1-15.ZHOU Huaichun, LI Kuangyu, AN Yuan, et al. Research progress of measuring three-dimensional temperature distributions in coal-fired boilers and industrial furnaces[J]. Clean Coal Technology, 2022, 28(10):1-15.
- [27] ZHOU H, SHENG F, HAN S, et al. A fast algorithm for calculation of radiative energy distributions received by pinhole image-formation process from 2d rectangular enclosures[J]. Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A:Applications, 2000, 38(7):757-773.
- [28]胡智超.基于辐射逆问题分析的大型炉膛火焰温度场及辐射参数同时测量研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2023:1.HU Zhichao. Simultaneous measurement of temperature filed and radiation parameters of large furnace based on inverse radiation problem analysis[D]. Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology, 2023:1.
- [29]唐广通,许烨烽,闫慧博,等.基于深度学习与热辐射成像耦合的炉内温度场在线测量[J].动力工程学报,2022, 42(10):960-966.TANG Guangtong, XU Yefeng, YAN Huibo, et al.Research of on-line measurement of temperature field in furnaces based on deep learning coupled thermal radiative imaging[J]. Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering, 2022, 42(10):960-966.
- [30] LIU D, YAN J, WANG F, et al. Experimental reconstructions of flame temperature distributions in laboratory-scale and large-scale pulverized-coal fired furnaces by inverse radiation analysis[J]. Fuel, 2012, 93:397-403.
- [31] CHEN J, HSU T, CHEN C, et al. Monitoring combustion systems using HMM probabilistic reasoning in dynamic flame images[J]. Applied Energy, 2010, 87:2169-2179.
- [32] WU Q. Computer image processing and neural network technology for boiler thermal energy diagnosis[J].Thermal Science, 2020, 24(5B):3059-3068.
- [33]侯荣利.基于超限学习机与涡流搜索算法的锅炉燃烧优化策略[J].冶金能源, 2021, 40(5):60-64.HOU Rongli. Boiler combustion optimization strategy based on extreme learning machine and eddy current search algorithm[J]. Energy for Metallurgical Industry,2021, 40(5):60-64.
- [34] ZHOU L, SONG Y, JI W, et al. Machine learning for combustion[J]. Energy and AI, 2022, 7:100128.
- [35]姚顺春,李龙千,卢志民,等.机器学习驱动锅炉燃烧优化技术的现状与展望[J].洁净煤技术, 2024, 30(2):228-243.YAO Shunchun, LI Longqian, LU Zhimin, et al. Current situation and prospect of machine learning-driven boiler combustion optimization technology[J]. Clean Coal Technology, 2024, 30(2):228-243.
- [36]谢凡,鲁昊,马天顺.基于人工神经网络的MILD燃烧区域识别[J].燃烧科学与技术, 2022, 28(5):549-555.XIE Fan, LU Hao, MA Tianshun. MILD combustion region identification based on artificial neural network[J]. Journal of Combustion Science and Technology, 2022, 28(5):549-555.
- [37]谢凡,鲁昊,张翰林,等.基于主成分分析、聚类和BP神经网络的湍流MILD燃烧初始着火过程的分析[J].燃烧科学与技术, 2023, 29(6):685-692.XIE Fan, LU Hao, ZHANG Hanlin, et al. Ignition process in a turbulent MILD flame based on principal component analysis, clustering and back-propagation neural network[J]. Journal of Combustion Science and Technology, 2023, 29(6):685-692.
- [38] SAEID S, ARMIN N, CHRISTOPHER H, et al. Laminar flame speed modeling for low carbon fuels using methods of machine learning[J]. Fuel, 2023, 333:126187.
- [39] ZHANG T, YI Y, XU Y, et al. A multi-scale sampling method for accurate and robust deep neural network to predict combustion chemical kinetics[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2022, 245:112319.
- [40] RENE P, MATTHIAS M, SVEN E, et al. Machine learning techniques to predict the flame state,temperature and species concentrations in counter-flow diffusion flames operated with CH4/CO/H2-air mixtures[J]. Fuel, 2022, 326:124915.
- [41]郑树,周怀春.三维、动态、实时数字化锅炉技术发展探讨[J].中国科学:技术科学, 2016, 46(1):20-35.ZHENG Shu, ZHOU Huaichun. Discussion on the development of a 3D, dynamic and real-time digital boiler[J]. Scientia Sinica(Technologica), 2016, 46(1):20-35.
- [42] GUO J, LIU Z, HUANG X, et al. Experimental and numerical investigations on oxy-coal combustion in a35 MW large pilot boiler[J]. Fuel, 2017, 187:315-327.
- [43] GUO J, LIU Z, HU F, et al. A compatible configuration strategy for burner streams in a 200 MWe tangentially fired oxy-fuel combustion boiler[J]. Applied Energy,2018, 220:59-69.
- [44]姚杨,陈鑫科,马仑,等.某1 000 MW双切圆锅炉燃烧侧和工质侧耦合建模及应用[J/OL].中国电机工程学报, 1-14[2024-04-26]. DOI:10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.232431.YAO Yang, CHEN Xinke, MA Lun, et al. Coupled modeling and application of combustion and hydrodynamic in a 1 000 MW dual tangential firing boiler[J/OL]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 1-14[2024-04-26]. DOI:10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.232431.
- [45] WANG Y, XU Y, SONG X, et al. Novel method for temperature prediction in rotary kiln process through machine learning and CFD[J]. Powder Technology, 2024,439:119649.
- [46]李涛,孙全胜,王津申,等.基于infoGAN的三维温度场预测方法:ZL 202111239698.9[P].2022-09-27[2024-04-26].LI Tao, SUN Quansheng, WANG Jinshen, et al. An infoGAN-based method for 3D temperature field prediction:ZL 202111239698.9[P]. 2022-09-27[2024-04-26].
- [47] LIU Y, ZHANG H, SHEN Y. A data-driven approach for the quick prediction of in-furnace phenomena of pulverized coal combustion in an ironmaking blast furnace[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2022, 260:117945.
- [48] CHEN J, TANG J, XIA H, et al. Modelling the furnace temperature field of a municipal solid waste incinerator using the numerical simulation and the deep forest regression algorithm[J]. Fuel, 2023, 347:128511.
- [49]贾永会,杜建桥,汪潮洋,等.基于BP神经网络的燃煤锅炉温度分布预测[J].热能动力工程, 2020, 35(7):130-138.JIA Yonghui, DU Jianqiao, WANG Chaoyang, et al.Prediction model of temperature distribution in combustion zone of coal-fired boiler based on BP neural network[J]. Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power, 2020, 35(7):130-138.
- [50] XUE W, TANG Z, CAO S, et al. A novel online method incorporating computational fluid dynamics simulations and neural networks for reconstructing temperature field distributions in coal-fired boilers[J]. Energy, 2024, 286:129568.
- [51]陈金楷.基于机器学习的锅炉主辅机状态监测研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学, 2015:1.CHEN Jinkai. Research on boiler monitoring based on machine learning method[D]. Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 2015:1.
- [52] LV M, ZHAO J, CAO S, et al. Prediction of temperature distribution in a furnace using the incremental deep extreme learning machine[J]. PeerJ Computer Science,2023, 9:1218.
- [53]赵明潇,夏良伟,沈涛,等.锅炉燃烧过程可视化系统开发与应用[J].锅炉制造, 2023(1):12-14.ZHAO Mingxiao, XIA Liangwei, SHEN Tao, et al.Development and application of visualization system for boiler combustion process[J]. Boiler Manufacturing,2023(1):12-14.
- [54]高正阳,郭振,胡佳琪,等.基于支持向量机与数值法的W火焰锅炉多目标燃烧优化及火焰重建[J].中国电机工程学报, 2011, 31(5):13-19.GAO Zhengyang, GUO Zhen, HU Jiaqi, et al. Multiobjective combustion optimization and flame reconstruction for W shaped boiler based on support vector regression and numerical simulation[J].Proceedings of the CSEE, 2011, 31(5):13-19.
- [55]彭晨峰.基于炉内NOx/CO及温度场实时测量的燃烧优化调整策略研究[D].北京:华北电力大学, 2020:1.PENG Chenfeng. Research on combustion optimization and adjustment strategy based on real-time measurement of NOx/CO and temperature field in furnace[D]. Beijing:North China Electric Power University, 2020:1.
- [56]郭子申,董美蓉,叶托,等.基于k近邻和数值模拟的锅炉炉膛温度场在线重建[J].工业炉, 2021, 43(6):1-5.GUO Zishen, DONG Meirong, YE Tuo, et al.Reconstruction of furnace temperature field based on k-nearest neighbor and numerical simulation[J].Industrial Furnace, 2021, 43(6):1-5.
- [57]郭芳.基于CFD和数据降维算法的四角切圆锅炉温度场重建[D].北京:华北电力大学, 2019:1.GUO Fang. Reconstruction of temperature field of tangential boiler based on CFD and data reduction algorithm[D]. Beijing:North China Electric Power University, 2019:1.
- [58]罗芸.基于CFD和降阶方法的超超临界CFBB温度场重构[D].贵州:贵州大学, 2022:1.LUO Yun. Reconstruction of temperature field in ultra-supercritical CFBB based on CFD and proper orthogonal decomposition method[D]. Guizhou:Guizhou University, 2022:1.
- [59] CHEN X, ZHONG W, LI T. Fast prediction of temperature and chemical species distributions in pulverized coal boiler using POD reduced-order modeling for CFD[J]. Energy, 2023, 276:127663.
- [60] LEE W, JANG K, HAN W, et al. Model order reduction by proper orthogonal decomposition for a 500 MWe tangentially fired pulverized coal boiler[J]. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 2021, 28:101414.
- [61]郝鹏.智慧电厂建设管理与效果评价研究[D].北京:华北电力大学, 2019:1.HAO Peng. Research on management and effect evaluation of smart power plant construction[D]. Beijing:North China Electric Power University, 2019:1.
- [62]金秀章,魏琳,王真.基于最小二乘支持向量机的锅炉炉膛温度在线预测[J].热力发电, 2016, 45(7):93-97.JIN Xiuzhang, WEI Lin, WANG Zhen. Online prediction of boiler furnace temperature based on least squares support vector machine[J]. Thermal Power Generation,2016, 45(7):93-97.
- [63] XUE W, TANG Z, CAO S, et al. Efficient online prediction and correction of 3D combustion temperature field in coal-fired boilers using GDNN[J]. Measurement,2023, 222:113507.
- [64]曹永杰.基于CFD和机器学习的煤粉燃烧过程重建[D].北京:华北电力大学, 2023:1.CAO Yongjie. Reconstruction of pulverized coal combustion process based on CFD and machine learning[D]. Beijing:North China Electric Power University, 2023:1.
- [65]许烨烽.基于MLP神经网络的大型炉膛温度场重建模拟及实验研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学, 2022:1.XU Yefeng. Experimental and simulation research of reconstruction of temperature field in large furnaces based on MLP neural network[D]. Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 2022:1.
- [66] ZHONG Q, CHEN Y, ZHU B, et al. A temperature field reconstruction method based on acoustic thermometry[J].Measurement, 2022, 200:111642.