王娟,付龙飞,王笑微,吕秀娟,曹红梅,王垚,张兰庆,康夜雨,潘成福,齐吉锴

• 1:西安热工研究院有限公司
• 2:华能山东发电有限公司
• 3:华能国际电力股份有限公司德州电厂

摘要(Abstract)：

红外光谱检测技术因其检测速度快、对样品无损伤、无污染、易操作等特点，已广泛应用于石油化工、制药等行业的检测中。红外光谱检测方式主要包括定性检测和定量检测，定性检测通常采用比较法，即通过与标准物质对照或查阅标准谱图；定量检测是通过测量特征吸收谱带强度，结合化学计量学方法计算出对应组份含量。阐述了人工神经网络、偏最小二乘法等化学计量学方法在电力用油酸值、水分、抗氧化剂、糠醛等检测中的应用，并对其在油品检测中的应用给出了建议。

关键词(KeyWords)： 红外光谱;电力用油;酸值;水分;抗氧化剂

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 中国华能集团有限公司总部科技项目（HNKJ21-H43） ~~

作者(Author): 王娟,付龙飞,王笑微,吕秀娟,曹红梅,王垚,张兰庆,康夜雨,潘成福,齐吉锴

DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202307125

参考文献(References)：

• [1]冯丽苹,王军,徐艳,等.运行汽轮机油剩余使用寿命评估方法[J].热力发电, 2018, 47(6):132-136.FENG Liping, WANG Jun, XU Yan, et al. Evaluation method for residual service life of turbine oil in operation[J].Thermal Power Generation, 2018, 47(6):132-136.
• [2] TALEBI V, SOOF H. Distributed strain sensing,employing apodizedπ-phase shifted FBG:application in power transformer oil breakdown detection[J]. Optik,2022, 268:169781.
• [3] LI X Z, PENG Y, ZHOU J H, et al. Quantitative detection of cellulose particles in transformer oil based on a lensfree holographic microscope[J]. Sensors and Actuators:A. Physical, 2023, 357:114396.
• [4]蒋芝,陈红生,薛长志,等.变压器油热老化过程中性能变化及红外光谱分析[J].电工材料, 2023(2):36-40.JIANG Zhi, CHEN Hongsheng, XUE Changzhi, et al.Performance change and Infrared spectrum analysis of transformer oil during thermal aging[J]. Electric Material,2023(2):36-40.
• [5]王妍,汪红梅,钱艺华,等.红外光谱法检测绝缘油酸值的研究[J].变压器, 2022, 59(10):55-59.WANG Yan, WANG Hongmei, QIAN Yihua, et al. Study on determination of acid value of insulated oil by infrared spectrometry[J]. Transformer, 2022, 59(10):55-59.
• [6]孙佳斯,刘宇佳,张胜男,等.汽轮机油含水量快速检测技术的研究[J].当代化工, 2018, 47(6):1310-1313.SUN Jiasi, LIU Yujia, ZHANG Shengnan, et al. Study on rapid detection technique of water content in turbine oil[J].Contemporary Chemical Industry, 2018, 47(6):1310-1313.
• [7]卢新玲,范兴琳,马利花,等.红外光谱法检测变压器油抗氧剂含量的测试条件对比研究[J].润滑油, 2014,29(6):42-49.LU Xinling, FAN Xinglin, MA Lihua, et al. Comparative study for testing conditions of the andioxidant content in transformer oils by infrared spectroscopy[J]. Lubricating Oil, 2014, 29(6):42-49.
• [8]张弛.傅里叶变换红外光谱技术在润滑油监测中的应用综述[J].润滑油, 2014, 29(4):27-31.ZHANG Chi. An overview of FTIR spectroscopy application in oil monitoring[J]. Lubricating Oil, 2014,29(4):27-31.
• [9]宋庆媛,张景清,陈旭鑫,等.采用红外光谱和化学计量学结合方法测定汽轮机油中水分含量[J].汽轮机技术, 2019, 61(2):139-142.SONG Qingyuan, ZHANG Jingqing, CHEN Xuxin, et al.Determination of water content in steam turbine oil by infrared spectroscopy coupling with chemometrics[J].Turbine Technology, 2019, 61(2):139-142.
• [10]姜飞宇,吴雄,高松涛,等.红外光谱法检测变压器油中糠醛含量[J].中国测试, 2022, 48(2):72-77.JIANG Feiyu, WU Xiong, GAO Songtao, et al. Furfural dissolved in transformer oil using FTIR[J]. China Measurement&Test, 2022, 48(2):72-77.
• [11]冯丽苹,刘永洛,许海生,等.磷酸酯抗燃油抗劣化措施与试验[J].热力发电, 2018, 47(1):125-129.FENG Liping, LIU Yongluo, XU Haisheng, et al.Experimental study on anti-degradation measures for phosphorester fire-resistant oil[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2018, 47(1):125-129.
• [12] VOORT F R V D, SEDMAN J, YAYLAYAN V, et al.Determination of acid number and base number in lubricants by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy[J].Applied Spectroscopy, 2003, 57:1425-1431.
• [13]宋庆媛.汽轮机油性能指标的中红外光谱与化学计量学结合测定方法[D].北京:华北电力大学, 2019:33-41.SONG Qingyuan. Determination of turbine oil performance index with IR spectroscopy and chemometrics[D]. Beijing:North China Electric Power University, 2019:33-41.
• [14]张雁.汽轮机油中带水的原因、危害及处理措施[J].润设备管理与维修, 2021(10):50-52.ZHANG Yan. Causes, hazards and treatment measures of water in turbine oil[J]. Equipment Management and Maintenance, 2021(10):50-52.
• [15]徐国荣,何慧军,王潇.汽轮机油中带水原因分析和处理措施[J].冶金动力, 2014(12):52-54.XU Guorong, HE Huijun, WANG Xiao. Cause analysis of water content in the oil of steam turbine and treatment measures[J]. Metallurgical Power, 2014(12):52-54.
• [16]陈彬,刘阁.变压器油中微水含量在线监测方法研究进展[J].高电压技术, 2020, 46(4):1405-1416.CHEN Bin, LIU Ge. Research progress in on-line monitoring methods of micro-water content in transformer oil[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2020, 46(4):1405-1416.
• [17]侯明明,喻其炳,焦昭杰,等.基于近红外光谱的透平油微量水分检测[J].重庆工商大学学报(自然科学版)，2012, 29(3):94-98.HOU Mingming, YU Qibing, JIAO Zhaojie, et al. Near infrared spectroscopy measurement of moisture content in turbine oil using relevance vector machines[J]. Journal of Chongqing Technology and Business University(Natural Science Edition), 2012, 29(3):94-98.
• [18] ZHAO D Y, ZHU B, LI L X. A review of methods for measuring oil moisture[J]. Measurement, 2023, 217:1-13.
• [19] MARGRETH M, STEINBACH R, STEINBACH A.Water determination by Karl Fischer titration[M]. USA:John Wiley&Sons, Inc., 2010:1-34.
• [20] GIZZATOVA I D, KOZLOV V K, VALIULLINA D M.Determination of the true water content, the nature of the impurities and their concentration in transformer oil[C].E3S Web of Conferences, Kazan, Russia, 2019.
• [21] MARGOLIS S A, ANGELO J B, Interlaboratory assessment of measurement precision and bias in the coulometric Karl Fischer determination of water[J].Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2002, 374:505-512.
• [22] MARGOLIS S A, HAGWOOD C, The determination of water in crude oil and transformer oil reference materials[J]. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry,2003, 376:260-269.
• [23]杜传斌,梁圣伟,李健聪.浅析近红外光谱在液压油水分含量分析中的应用[J].石油化工应用, 2016,35(4):137-140.DU Chuanbin, LIANG Shengwei, LI Jiancong. A brief analysis of the application of near infrared spectrum in the test of hydraulic oil moisture content[J]. Petrochemical Industry Application, 2016, 35(4):137-140.
• [24]王远远,赖祥生,郑玉萍,等.应用红外光谱法检测绝缘油中水分含量[J].福建电力与电工, 2004, 24(2):24-25.WANG Yuanyuan, LAI Xiangsheng, ZHENG Yuping,et al. The determination of the moisture vontent in insulation oil by infrared spectroscopy[J]. Electric Power&Electrical Engineering, 2004, 24(2):24-25.
• [25]刘小玲,常燕,万涛.湖南电网变压器油族组成和抗氧化剂T501含量分析[J].湖南电力, 2012, 5(32):21-22.LIU Xiaoling, CHANG Yan, WAN Tao. Chemical composition of transformer oil and T501 contentanalysis of antioxidant in Hunan Power Grid[J]. Hunan Electric Power, 2012, 5(32):21-22.
• [26]乔琦,刘燕,王储,等.红外光谱测定2, 6-二叔丁基对甲酚检测限的研究[J].润滑油, 2020, 35(1):37-39.QIAO Qi, LIU Yan, WANG Chu, et al. Study on detection limit of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol by infrared spectrum[J]. Lubricating Oil, 2020, 35(1):37-39.
• [27] LEONGA Y S, KER P J, JAMALUDIN M Z, et al. New near-infrared absorbance peak for inhibitor content detection in transformer insulating oil[J]. Sensors and Actuators B:Chemical, 2018, 266:577-582.
• [28]龙芬.红外光谱测定润滑油中多种类型抗氧剂含量的应用[J].化学工程与装备, 2010, 8:190-196.LONG Fen. Application of infrared spectroscopy to determine the content of various types of antioxidants in lubricating oil[J]. Chemical Engineering&Equipment,2010, 8:190-196.
• [29]李杰,周渠,贾路芬,等.红外、拉曼光谱的变压器油中糠醛检测方法对比研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2024, 44(1):125-133.LI Jie, ZHOU Qu, JIA Lufen, et al. Comparative study on detection methods of furfural in transformer oil based on IR and Raman spectroscopy[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2024, 44(1):125-133.
• [30] MACALPINE J M K, ZHANG C H. Observations from measurements of the furfural content of oil samples from transmission transformers[J]. Electric Power Systems Research, 2001, 57(3):173-179.
• [31]蒋友列.基于近红外光谱的变压器油中糠醛含量定量检测研究[D].重庆:西南大学, 2021:1-10.JIANG Youlie. Research on quantitative detection of furfural content in transformer oil based on near infrared spectroscopy[D]. Chongqing:Master Dissertation of Southwest University, 2021:1-10.
• [32]陈志勇.关于变压器油中糠醛测量的探讨[J].变压器,2007, 44(9):42-44.CHEN Zhiyong. Discussion on furfural measurement of transformer oil[J]. Transformer, 2007, 44(9):42-44.
• [33]蒋友列,祝诗平,唐超,等.绝缘油热老化时间及糠醛含量的近红外光谱快速预测方法[J].光谱学与光谱分析, 2020, 40(11):1515-1520.JIANG Youlie, ZHU Shiping, TANG Chao, et al. Fast prediction method of thermal aging time and furfural content of insulating oil based on near-infrared spectroscopy[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2020, 40(11):1515-1520.
• [34]邵荟荟,马慧,郑金凤.成品油中硫含量的测定方法对比研究[J].化工管理, 2021(27):134-135.SHAO Huihui, MA Hui, ZHENG Jinfeng. Comparative study on the determination method of sulfur content in refined oil products[J]. Chemical Enterprise Management,2021(27):134-135.
• [35]程欲晓,张继东,邵敏,等.近红外光谱分析原油中水分和硫含量模型的建立及验证[J].理化检验(化学分册), 2020, 56(6):621-626.CHENG Yuxiao, ZHANG Jidong, SHAO Min, et al.Establishment and verification of analytical models applied to NIRS determination of moisture and sulfur in crude oil[J]. Physical Testing and Chemical Analysis(Part B:Chemical Analysis), 2020, 56(6):621-626.
• [36] BORGES G B C, ROHWEDDER J J R, BORTONI E C.Evaluation of the use of near infrared spectroscopy(NIR)in on-line monitoring of power transformer insulation oil[J]. Aasri Procedia, 2012, 2:56-61.
• [37]任双赞,吴昊,刘晓立,等.变压器油中溶解气体在线监测技术研究现状[J].电工技术, 2020, 19:86-90.REN Shuangzan, WU Hao, LIU Xiaoli, et al. Research status of on-line monitoring technology for dissolved gas in transformer oil[J]. Electrotechnics, 2020, 19:86-90.
• [38] ALI M S, BAKAT A H A, OMAR A, et al. Conventional methods of dissolved gas analysis using oil-immersed power transformer for fault diagnosis:a review[J].Electric Power Systems Research, 2023, 216:109064.
• [39] ZHONG M W, CAO Y F, HE G L, et al. Dissolved gas in transformer oil forecasting for transformer fault evaluation based on HATT-RLSTM[J]. Electric Power Systems Research, 2023, 221:109431.
• [40]赵安新,汤晓君,王尔珍,等.变压器油溶解气体的FTIR定量分析[J].光谱学与光谱分析, 2013, 33(9):2407-2410.ZHAO Anxin, TANG Xiaojun, WANG Erzhen, et al.Quantitaive analysis of transformer oil dissolved gases using FTIR[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2013,33(9):2407-2410.
• [41]李红雷,周方洁,谈克雄,等.用于变压器在线监测的傅里叶红外定量分析[J].电力系统自动化, 2005,29(18):62-65.LI Honglei, ZHOU Fangjie, TAN Kexiong, et al.Quantitative analysis of FTIR used in transformer on-line monitoring[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems,2005, 29(18):62-65.
• [42]邹高增,冯旭,周俊华,等.油浸式变压器绕组介质损耗因数与温度关系分析[J].水电与新能源, 2023,37(5):13-15.ZOU Gaozeng, FENG Xu, ZHOU Junhua. The relationship between the temperature and the dielectric loss factor of the windings in oil-immersed transformer[J].Hydropopower and New Energy, 2023, 37(5):13-15.
• [43] KOZLOV V, VALIULLINA D, KURAKINA O. Visual determination of transformer oil quality parameters[J].Problemele Energeticii Regionale. 2021, 2(5):25-34.
• [44] MOHD K N, LIM W H, HASSAN N A, et al. Potential application of palm oil products as electrical insulating medium in oil-immersed transformers[J]. Environmental Progress&Sustainable Energy, 2021, 40(6):13728.
• [45] ALSHEHAWY A M, MANSOUR D E ADGHALI M,et al. Photoluminescence spectroscopy measurements for effective condition assessment of transformer insulating oil[J]. Processes, 2021, 9:1-15.
• [46] ALMEIDA C, PAUL S, LAZARUS G A, et al.Experimental studies on thermophysical and electrical properties of graphene-transformer oil nanofluid[J].Fluids, 2020, 5:1-13.
• [47] TASLAK E, ARIKAN O, KUMRU C F, et al. Analyses of the insulating characteristics of mineral oil at operating conditions[J]. Electrical Engineering, 2018, 100:321-331.
• [48] LIVESEY P, LASHBROOK M, MARTIN R.Investigation of the factors affecting the dielectric dissipation factor of synthetic and natural esters[C]. 2019IEEE 20th International Conference on Dielectric Liquids,Rome, Italy, 2019.
• [49] KARTHIK R, THANGASWAMY S E E. Investigations of transformer oil characteristics[J]. IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 2012, 7(4):369-374.
• [50] SWNOUSSAOUI M E A, BRAHAMI M, FOFANA I,Transformer oil quality assessment using random forest with feature engineering[J]. Energies, 2021, 14:1-15.
• [51] MALPURE B D, BABURAO K. Failure analysis&diagnostics of power transformer using dielectric dissipation factor[C]. International Conference on Condition Monitoring&Diagnosis, April, 2008.
• [52] Insulating liquids-measurement of relative permittivity,dielectric dissipation factor(tan d)and d.c. resistivity:IEC 60247—2004[S]. Switzerland:International Electrotechnical Commission, 2004:1-62.
• [53] FARIA G, PEREIRA M, LOPES G, et al. Evaluation of capacitance and dielectric dissipation factor of distribution Transformers-experimental results[C]. 2018 IEEE Electrical Insulation Conference, San Antonio, TX, USA,2018.
• [54] ZANDBAAF S, KHORRAMI M R K, AFSHAR M G.Prediction of dielectric dissipation factor by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy based on multivariate calibration methods for transformer oil samples in power industry[J]. Infrared Physics and Technology, 2023, 128:104528.
• [55] SONI R, MEHTA B. A review on transformer condition monitoring with critical investigation of mineral oil and alternate dielectric fluids[J]. Electric Power Systems Research, 2023, 214:108952.
• [56] ZANDBAAF S, KHORRAMI M R K, AFSHAR M G.Genetic algorithm based artificial neural network and partial least squares regression methods to predict of breakdown voltage for transformer oils samples in power industry using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy[J].Spectrochimica Acta Part A:Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2022, 273:120999.
• [57] BOUCHET M I D B, MARTIN J M, MOGNEA T L, et al.Mechanisms of MoS2 formation by MoDTC in presence of ZnDTP:effect of oxidative degradation[J]. Wear, 2005,258(11/12):1643-1650.
• [58]高晓光,马淑芬,胡刚,等.用红外光谱法测定润滑油中MoDTC含量的研究[J].润滑与密封, 2022, 47(5):171-176.GAO Xiaoguang, MA Shufen, HU Gang, et al. Study on the determination of the content of MoDTC inlubricating oil by infrared spectroscopy[J]. Lubrication Engineering,2022, 47(5):171-176.
• [59]王珞琪.油液中颗粒污染度测定的分析与应用[J].科学管理, 2021(12):166-167.WANG Luoqi. Analysis and application of particle contamination degree measurement in oil[J]. Scientific Management, 2021(12):166-167.
• [60] MA S Y, LIU W, MENG C H, et al. Comparison of the time-dependent characteristics between particle mass and particle number emissions during oil heating and emission mitigation strategies[J]. Building and Environment, 2023,242:110511.
• [61]王冰,於迪,陈炯华,等.汽轮机油颗粒污染度持续偏高原因分析及预防[J].润滑油, 2023, 38(1):44-47.WANG Bing, YU Di, CHEN Jionghua, et al. Cause analysis and prevention of continuously high particle pollution level of steam turbine oil[J]. Lubricating Oil,2023, 38(1):44-47.
• [62]陈彬,韩超,刘阁.变压器油中颗粒污染物的中红外光谱检测[J].光子学报, 2016, 45(5):1-5.CHEN Bin, HAN Chao, LIU Ge. Detection on particulate pollutant in transformer oil based on the mid-infrared spectrum[J]. Acta Photonica Sinica, 2016, 45(5):1-5.