刘梁,高凯旋,谢德清,何建乐,黄中,金燕,吕俊复,柯希玮

• 1:太原理工大学电气与动力工程学院
• 2:清华大学能源与动力工程系
• 3:怀柔实验室山西研究院
• 4:华电国际电力股份有限公司朔州热电分公司

摘要(Abstract)：

新能源装机占比的不断提高对包括超临界循环流化床（circulating fluidized bed,CFB）锅炉在内的燃煤发电机组灵活性提出了更高要求。以某350 MWCFB锅炉为对象，采用计算颗粒流体动力学（computational particle fluid dynamics,CPFD）方法，针对变负荷工况下的炉内过程响应特性开展了模拟研究，并探讨了燃烧-循环干预措施对变负荷速率的影响。结果表明：升负荷工况下，低负荷段（30%～50%机组额定负荷）的平均热流密度响应速率比高负荷段（50%以上机组额定负荷）下降约38%；仅看高负荷段，机组降负荷时热流密度响应更快，变化率比升负荷时大31%左右。不同负荷变化幅度下，炉内颗粒悬浮浓度和对流换热强度均可快速响应，而炉内温度的变化略显滞后，说明CFB锅炉更依赖传热系数的变化实现热量传递的快速调节。采用燃烧干预，如将40%的原给煤替换成百微米级的细煤颗粒，能够有效加快炉膛温度的变化，升负荷时高负荷段平均热流密度响应速率提高约43%，低负荷段也提升了近16%。此外，采用循环干预，即在升负荷时额外添加一定量的细床料，可使颗粒悬浮浓度在短时间内快速增加，从而有效提高受热表面传热率的响应速率；若进一步给入热细床料（如通过循环灰热储-回送方式），升负荷时高负荷段炉内平均热流密度响应速率可提高约31%，低负荷段也可提升13%左右。研究结果探明了CFB锅炉变负荷时的炉内响应机制，验证了循环-燃烧干预提高机组变负荷速率的可行性，为深入挖掘超临界CFB锅炉的灵活性潜力、改善其变负荷能力提供了参考。

关键词(KeyWords)： 循环流化床锅炉;炉内过程;响应特性;燃烧干预;循环干预;数值模拟

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): “十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB4100303)~~

作者(Author): 刘梁,高凯旋,谢德清,何建乐,黄中,金燕,吕俊复,柯希玮

DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202503042

参考文献(References)：

• [1]国家能源局.国家能源局发布2024年全国电力工业统计数据[R/OL].(2025-01-21)[2025-02-20]. https://www.nea.gov.cn/20250121/097bfd7c1cd3498897639857d86d5dac/c.html.National Energy Administration. National Energy Administration releases 2024 national electric power industry statistics[R/OL].(2025-01-21)[2025-02-20].https://www.nea.gov.cn/20250121/097bfd7c1cd3498897639857d86d5dac/c.html.
• [2]张广才,周科,鲁芬,等.燃煤机组深度调峰技术探讨[J].热力发电, 2017, 46(9):17-23.ZHANG Guangcai, ZHOU Ke, LU Fen, et al.Discussions on deep peaking technology of coal-fired power plants[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2017, 46(9):17-23.
• [3]吕俊复,尚曼霞,柯希玮,等.粉煤循环流化床燃烧技术[J].煤炭学报, 2023, 48(1):430-437.LYU Junfu, SHANG Manxia, KE Xiwei, et al. Powdered coal circulating fluidized bed combustion technology[J].Journal of China Coal Society, 2023, 48(1):430-437.
• [4] LECKNER B. Fluidized bed combustion:mixing and pollutant limitation[J]. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 1998, 24(1):31-61.
• [5] JOHNSSON J E. Formation and reduction of nitrogen oxides in fluidized-bed combustion[J]. Fuel, 1994, 73(9):1398-1415.
• [6] YAO Y, JIANG L, DENG B, et al. Heat transfer analysis of stationary bed materials in a CFB boiler after a sudden power failure[J]. Fuel Processing Technology, 2021, 211:106857.
• [7]乔磊磊,王孝全,聂浩,等.循环流化床锅炉全负荷调峰特性研究[J].中国电机工程学报, 2025, 45(1):184-193.QIAO Leilei, WANG Xiaoquan, NIE Hao, et al.Investigation on the operation characteristics of circulating fluidized bed boiler unit for full-load regulation[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2025, 45(1):184-193.
• [8]刘众元,马素霞,刘建华,等. 350 MW超临界循环流化床锅炉动态特性试验研究[J].热能动力工程, 2017,32(12):54-60.LIU Zhongyuan, MA Suxia, LIU Jianhua, et al.Experimental study on dynamic characteristics of350 MW supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler[J].Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power,2017, 32(12):54-60.
• [9]蔡晋,单露,王志宁,等.超临界350 MW循环流化床锅炉变负荷特性[J].热力发电, 2020, 49(9):98-103.CAI Jin, SHAN Lu, WANG Zhining, et al. Variable load characteristics of a supercritical 350 MW circulating fluidized bed boiler[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2020,49(9):98-103.
• [10] BASU P. Combustion of coal in circulating fluidized-bed boilers:a review[J]. Chemical Engineering Science,1999, 54(22):5547-5557.
• [11] EBERT T A, GLICKSMANl L R, LINTS M.Determination of particle and gas convective heattransfer components in a circulating fluidized-bed[J].Chemical Engineering Science, 1993, 48(12):2179-2188.
• [12] BASU P, NAG P K. An investigation into heat-transfer in circulating fluidized-beds[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 1987, 30(11):2399-2409.
• [13] LIU Z, MA S, PAN X, et al. Experimental study on the load response rate under the dynamic combined combustion of PC coal and CFB coal in a CFB boiler[J].Fuel, 2019, 236:445-451.
• [14]吕俊复,蒋苓,柯希玮,等.碳中和背景下循环流化床燃烧技术在中国的发展前景[J].煤炭科学技术, 2023,51(1):514-522.LYU Junfu, JIANG Ling, KE Xiwei, et al. Future of circulating fluidized bed combustion technology in China for carbon neutralization[J]. Coal Science and Technology, 2023, 51(1):514-522.
• [15]吕俊复,周托,张扬,等.碳中和目标下循环流化床锅炉技术的展望[J].动力工程学报, 2022, 42(11):1005-1012.LYU Junfu, ZHOU Tuo, ZHANG Yang, et al. Prospect of the circulating fluidized bed boiler technology for the goal of carbon neutralization[J]. Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering, 2022, 42(11):1005-1012.
• [16] ARIYARATNE W K H, RATNAYAKE C, MELAAEN M C. Application of the MP-PIC method for predicting pneumatic conveying characteristics of dilute phase flows[J]. Powder Technology, 2017, 310:318-328.
• [17]陈鸿伟,黑成浩,王俊武,等.基于CPFD方法的660 MW超临界CFB锅炉循环回路均匀性研究[J].动力工程学报, 2023, 43(1):24-33.CHEN Hongwei, HEI Chenghao, WANG Junwu, et al.Study on the uniformity of circulating loop in a 660 MW supercritical CFB boiler based on CPFD method[J].Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering, 2023,43(1):24-33.
• [18] WANG Q, YANG H, WANG P, et al. Application of CPFD method in the simulation of a circulating fluidized bed with a loop seal Part II:investigation of solids circulation[J]. Powder Technology, 2014, 253:822-828.
• [19]李静,申欣,赵强,等.某350 MW机组循环流化床锅炉颗粒流动特性数值模拟研究[J].热力发电, 2022,51(4):62-69.LI Jing, SHEN Xin, ZHAO Qiang, et al. Numerical simulation of particle flow characteristics of a 350 MW CFB boiler[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2022, 51(4):62-69.
• [20] LEE B H, KIM M K, BAE Y H, et al. Effect of bed particle size on the gas-particle hydrodynamics and wall erosion characteristics in a 550 MWe USC CFB boiler using CPFD simulation[J]. Energy, 2022, 254:124263-124278.
• [21]李静.基于CPFD某350 MW循环流化床锅炉颗粒多尺度特性研究[D].太原:太原理工大学, 2022:1.LI Jing. Study on multi-scale characteristics of particles in a 350 MW circulating fluidized bed boiler based on CPFD[D]. Taiyuan:Taiyuan University of Technology,2022:1.
• [22] CHANG J, MA X, WANG X, et al. CPFD modeling of hydrodynamics, combustion and NOx emissions in an industrial CFB boiler[J]. Particuology, 2023, 81:174-188.
• [23] SHEN X, JIA L, WANG Y, et al. Study on dynamic characteristics of residual char of CFB boiler based on CPFD method[J]. Energies, 2020, 13:5883-5907.
• [24]申欣,赵强,乔晓磊,等.超临界CFB锅炉压火特性现场试验与数值模拟[J].煤炭学报, 2022, 47(7):2797-2807.SHEN Xin, ZHAO Qiang, QIAO Xiaolei, et al. Field test and numerical simulation of banked fire characteristics of supercritical CFB boiler[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2022, 47(7):2797-2807.
• [25] KE X, ENGBLOM M, CHENG L, et al. Modeling and experimental investigation on the fuel particle heat-up and devolatilization behavior in a fluidized bed[J]. Fuel,2021, 288:119794.
• [26] SNIDER D M, CLARK S M, O’ROURKE P J.Eulerian-Lagrangian method for three-dimensional thermal reacting flow with application to coal gasifiers[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2011, 66:1285-1295.
• [27] GAO K, KE X, DU B, et al. Simulation of gas-solid flow characteristics of the circulating fluidized bed boiler under pure-oxygen combustion conditions[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2024, 70:9-19.