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【目的】针对日尺度电网负荷周期性波动导致的源-荷失衡问题，研究压缩空气储能(compressed air energy storage,CAES)系统中喷射器的性能优化方法，以提升系统整体能效与运行调控能力。在CAES系统中，喷射器兼具调节空气参数与引射低压乏气的双重功能，其工作性能对系统效率具有重要影响。【方法】以某在建10 MW级CAES示范系统为研究对象，结合响应面法与CFD软件数值模拟，分析喷射器在变压运行条件下的性能特性，确定其高效工作区间；进一步基于性能结果和释能变压力特性设计储气罐容积，并预测系统发电能力。【结果】喷射器的引射性能对工作气体压力与引射乏气压力变化敏感，在工作气体压力为10.00～11.75 MPa、引射乏气压力为5.6 MPa时，喷射器的引射性能表现最优。喷射器的出口背压对其内部的流场结构与CAES系统的运行工况影响显著。当背压为8.0 MPa时，喷射器在工作压力为12.00～10.00 MPa时高效运行，能量利用率最高达10.46%；配置2.2×103 m3储气罐的CAES系统在背压8.0 MPa条件下，能够以设计功率持续运行4.0 h，其能量转化率为16.67%，释能发电量累计达5.01×104 kW·h，较无喷射器系统提升2.04%。【结论】通过明确喷射器高效运行区间并合理配置储气罐容积，可有效提高CAES系统发电效益，为工程实际中的系统优化与运行策略制定提供依据。
Abstract：[Objective] Against the source-load imbalance caused by daily-scale periodic fluctuations in grid loads, this study investigates performance optimization methods for ejectors within compressed air energy storage(CAES) systems. The aim is to improve the overall efficiency of CAES systems in terms of power generation during energy release, as well as enhance their operational control capabilities during actual operation. In CAES systems, the ejector performs the dual functions of regulating the state parameters of the working gas and introducing lowpressure exhaust gas. This critically affects the system efficiency. [Methods] By taking a 10 MW-class CAES demonstration system under construction as the research subject, this study combines response surface methodology with Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) numerical simulation to analyze the ejector's entrainment performance under varying working gas pressures, entrainment exhaust gas pressures, and outlet backpressure conditions. This determines the ejector's efficient operating range. Subsequently, the volume of the storage tank is designed based on the entrainment performance results of the ejector and the variable pressure operating conditions during the energy release process of the CAES system. The power generation capacity of the CAES system is then predicted using a theoretical model. [Results] The entrainment performance of the ejector is sensitive to variations in the working gas pressure and the entrainment exhaust gas pressure. Optimal entrainment characteristics are achieved when the working gas pressure is between 10.0 and 11.75 MPa, and the entrainment exhaust gas pressure is 5.6 MPa. The outlet back pressure of the ejector significantly affects the structure of the internal flow field and the operational window of the CAES system. Higher back pressure results in a narrower operating pressure range, necessitating larger storage tank volumes and reducing energy release efficiency. When the back pressure is 8.0 MPa, the ejector operates efficiently within a working pressure range of 10.00～12.00 MPa, achieving an energy utilization efficiency rate of 10.46%. A CAES system with a 2.2×103 m3 storage tank can sustain continuous operation at design power for 4.0 hours under a back pressure of 8.0 MPa. Its energy conversion efficiency is 16.67%, with cumulative energy released for power generation reaching 5.01×104 kW·h. This represents a 2.04% improvement on systems without an ejector. [Conclusion] Defining the high-efficiency operating range of the ejector and rationally configuring the air storage tank volume can effectively enhance the power generation capabilities of the CAES system, providing a foundation for optimizing the system and formulating operational strategies in engineering practice.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19666/j.rlfd.202510070
中图分类号:TK02;TM73
引用信息:
[1]文贤馗,王维,张世海,等.计及喷射器性能的压缩空气储能系统释能发电效益研究[J].热力发电,2026,55(02):65-74.DOI:10.19666/j.rlfd.202510070.
基金信息:
国家重点研发计划（2024YFE0208100）; 贵州省科技创新人才团队（黔科合平台人才-CXTD[2022]008）; 南方电网公司重点科技项目（GZKJXM20222304）~~
2025-10-29
2025
2025-12-02
2025
1
2025-12-31
2025-12-31
2025-12-31